Bob van de Water
Clive Roper
Clive Roper holds a PhD in in vitro dermal toxicology from Newcastle University. From 1996 to 2021, he worked at Charles River, progressing to Director, in vitro toxicology responsible for skin absorption, regulatory in vitro toxicology, genetox, safety pharmacology, and in vitro respiratory toxicology. He has developed models resulting in the direct replacement of animals in dermal absorption, dermal toxicology and inhalation toxicology. He is a member of the North American 3Rs Collaborative and serves on the microphysiology (MPS) subgroup and is also a member of the Board of the UK NC3Rs. In 2021, Clive set up his consulting business, Roper Toxicology Consulting Limited, aiding in the development of new approach methodologies with SMEs and supporting regulatory acceptance of products to market.
Paul Carmichael
Paul Carmichael has been with Unilever’s Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre (SEAC) in the UK since 2004, leading non-animal-based methods for human and environmental health. With over thirty years in toxicology and cancer research, he previously taught at Imperial College London. He holds a B.Sc. from Surrey University and a Ph.D. from King’s College London, with postdoctoral work at the Institute of Cancer Research. Dr. Carmichael has academic ties with Peking and Shenyang Medical Universities in China and has been an Endowed Professor at Wageningen University since 2020. He has published over 100 peer-reviewed papers and actively participates in scientific committees globally, focusing on next-generation risk assessments (NGRA).
